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冷冻食品保质期试验.pdf
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Shelf Life Testing:食品伙伴个性空间K K"X7]G
Procedures and Prediction Methods for Frozen
~b DCe2}]K0Foods食品伙伴个性空间(@pPRm4b&f
Bin Fu食品伙伴个性空间GCu9nL@3HAF d'[w
Kellogg's Battle Creek MI
XU{9I5xr$ljN0Theodore P. Labuza
lyD$c9y |;ki}9}0Dept. of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Minnesota食品伙伴个性空间:sx^,]\u%X
1334 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108
H'^#XWl3Pfo2|)z%q02
/D:s"gUfZ:t019.1 Introduction食品伙伴个性空间k9rq4{_*iJ d._
The shelf life of a food can be defined as the time period within which the food is safe
#c C:x9X?0to consume and/or has an acceptable quality to consumers. Just like any other food,食品伙伴个性空间 s2Q&I9bJNn;U U
frozen foods deteriorate during storage by different modes or mechanisms, as
kI$AWJ2t sd0summarized in Table 1. Microbes usually are not a problem since they cannot grow at
}-sc&S |3hA0freezing temperatures unless subjected to extensive temperature abuse above the
*Z4xuK&N0freezing point. Enzymes are a big concern for frozen foods, which can cause flavor
G7M\ Tw`6p1c;r0change (lipoxygenase) in non-blanched fruits and vegetables and accelerated
M2rE{+WdjR0deterioration reactions in meat and poultry (enzymes released from disrupted
!@,T?P3T{D9P-sr0membranes during precooking). Cell damage or protein and starch interactions during食品伙伴个性空间0|:o-l&C8c"z
freezing cause drip and mushiness upon thawing. Discoloration could occur by nonenzymatic食品伙伴个性空间Q:m6z$b%X
browning, bleaching, and freezer burn. Vitamin C loss is often a major
^#~^ IQqt0concern for frozen vegetables. Physical changes, such as package ice formation,食品伙伴个性空间#Bge,N D+X
moisture loss, emulsion destabilization, recrystallization of sugars and ice of frozen食品伙伴个性空间%@%u%`7Lc#^*m*G
desserts are often accelerated by fluctuating temperatures.食品伙伴个性空间PrmR-Rs/Cr
For any specific frozen product, which mode determines its shelf life, depends食品伙伴个性空间c`@3O&k
on the product characteristics (raw materials, ingredients, formulation), pre-freezing食品伙伴个性空间YWvsOC
treatment, freezing process, packaging film and processes, and of course storage
7ge;| G3]f3FN0conditions. All of the quality deterioration and potential hazards are usually食品伙伴个性空间n"N9n)K)Rt[%c
exaggerated or complicated by a fluctuating time-temperature environment (e.g.食品伙伴个性空间M|%Z;`t
freeze/thaw cycle) during storage. On the other hand, the shelf life of a frozen food
!R3`z+N'N$d!c0x p0can be extended through ingredient selection, process modification and change of
0D ioD$_*Q,R0package or storage conditions, as discussed in Section 3 of this book.
3o`&AS;i!j:} z"c8}0This chapter will focus on shelf life testing of frozen foods for product食品伙伴个性空间7K:Y3WBm5L
development and market practices. Shelf life testing consists basically of selecting the食品伙伴个性空间(D:t+I"@'yeMV
quality characteristics which deteriorate most rapidly in time and the mathematical食品伙伴个性空间&a4|0u(I6q@4B
modeling of the change. Table 19.1 can be used as a reference for the selection of食品伙伴个性空间^vk"E8sD4I ~7w
quality characteristics, which depends on the specific product and usually requires食品伙伴个性空间 Ac*M+jXY+^^
professional judgment. Mathematical modeling of quality deterioration will be
)}5wK(KyWxZ9J2x&O0discussed next.食品伙伴个性空间LZ8TkA
3
"e2``3WH} s,E ]d[0Table 19.1 Deterioration modes of frozen foods食品伙伴个性空间-rk]`,Y
Frozen Foods Deterioration Modes食品伙伴个性空间 gG&O c#r)T5[(x
Frozen meats, poultry and seafood Rancidity
caEo!mR0Toughening (protein denaturation)
F cj}5ZlX {q6f0Discoloration
o!rk$L"H9A0Desiccation (freezer burn)食品伙伴个性空间 [g C1A4m%@Vq
Frozen fruits and vegetables Loss of nutrients (vitamins)食品伙伴个性空间Q|UC*v3I#l v
Loss of texture (temperature abuse)
hz%umNF0Loss of flavor (lipoxygenase, peroxidase)食品伙伴个性空间9QeS;y+~Y4?V
Loss of tissue moisture (forming package ice)
*?5KPM@*mc;wL0Discoloration食品伙伴个性空间:K M;pAz o
Frozen concentrated juices Loss of nutrients (vitamins)食品伙伴个性空间 wh$_^!pRg&lL
Loss of flavor
xd5HM0^(O8tp#N0Loss of cloudiness
CZX [mVSw.g0Discoloration
Procedures and Prediction Methods for Frozen
~b DCe2}]K0Foods食品伙伴个性空间(@pPRm4b&f
Bin Fu食品伙伴个性空间GCu9nL@3HAF d'[w
Kellogg's Battle Creek MI
XU{9I5xr$ljN0Theodore P. Labuza
lyD$c9y |;ki}9}0Dept. of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Minnesota食品伙伴个性空间:sx^,]\u%X
1334 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108
H'^#XWl3Pfo2|)z%q02
/D:s"gUfZ:t019.1 Introduction食品伙伴个性空间k9rq4{_*iJ d._
The shelf life of a food can be defined as the time period within which the food is safe
#c C:x9X?0to consume and/or has an acceptable quality to consumers. Just like any other food,食品伙伴个性空间 s2Q&I9bJNn;U U
frozen foods deteriorate during storage by different modes or mechanisms, as
kI$AWJ2t sd0summarized in Table 1. Microbes usually are not a problem since they cannot grow at
}-sc&S |3hA0freezing temperatures unless subjected to extensive temperature abuse above the
*Z4xuK&N0freezing point. Enzymes are a big concern for frozen foods, which can cause flavor
G7M\ Tw`6p1c;r0change (lipoxygenase) in non-blanched fruits and vegetables and accelerated
M2rE{+WdjR0deterioration reactions in meat and poultry (enzymes released from disrupted
!@,T?P3T{D9P-sr0membranes during precooking). Cell damage or protein and starch interactions during食品伙伴个性空间0|:o-l&C8c"z
freezing cause drip and mushiness upon thawing. Discoloration could occur by nonenzymatic食品伙伴个性空间Q:m6z$b%X
browning, bleaching, and freezer burn. Vitamin C loss is often a major
^#~^ IQqt0concern for frozen vegetables. Physical changes, such as package ice formation,食品伙伴个性空间#Bge,N D+X
moisture loss, emulsion destabilization, recrystallization of sugars and ice of frozen食品伙伴个性空间%@%u%`7Lc#^*m*G
desserts are often accelerated by fluctuating temperatures.食品伙伴个性空间PrmR-Rs/Cr
For any specific frozen product, which mode determines its shelf life, depends食品伙伴个性空间c`@3O&k
on the product characteristics (raw materials, ingredients, formulation), pre-freezing食品伙伴个性空间YWvsOC
treatment, freezing process, packaging film and processes, and of course storage
7ge;| G3]f3FN0conditions. All of the quality deterioration and potential hazards are usually食品伙伴个性空间n"N9n)K)Rt[%c
exaggerated or complicated by a fluctuating time-temperature environment (e.g.食品伙伴个性空间M|%Z;`t
freeze/thaw cycle) during storage. On the other hand, the shelf life of a frozen food
!R3`z+N'N$d!c0x p0can be extended through ingredient selection, process modification and change of
0D ioD$_*Q,R0package or storage conditions, as discussed in Section 3 of this book.
3o`&AS;i!j:} z"c8}0This chapter will focus on shelf life testing of frozen foods for product食品伙伴个性空间7K:Y3WBm5L
development and market practices. Shelf life testing consists basically of selecting the食品伙伴个性空间(D:t+I"@'yeMV
quality characteristics which deteriorate most rapidly in time and the mathematical食品伙伴个性空间&a4|0u(I6q@4B
modeling of the change. Table 19.1 can be used as a reference for the selection of食品伙伴个性空间^vk"E8sD4I ~7w
quality characteristics, which depends on the specific product and usually requires食品伙伴个性空间 Ac*M+jXY+^^
professional judgment. Mathematical modeling of quality deterioration will be
)}5wK(KyWxZ9J2x&O0discussed next.食品伙伴个性空间LZ8TkA
3
"e2``3WH} s,E ]d[0Table 19.1 Deterioration modes of frozen foods食品伙伴个性空间-rk]`,Y
Frozen Foods Deterioration Modes食品伙伴个性空间 gG&O c#r)T5[(x
Frozen meats, poultry and seafood Rancidity
caEo!mR0Toughening (protein denaturation)
F cj}5ZlX {q6f0Discoloration
o!rk$L"H9A0Desiccation (freezer burn)食品伙伴个性空间 [g C1A4m%@Vq
Frozen fruits and vegetables Loss of nutrients (vitamins)食品伙伴个性空间Q|UC*v3I#l v
Loss of texture (temperature abuse)
hz%umNF0Loss of flavor (lipoxygenase, peroxidase)食品伙伴个性空间9QeS;y+~Y4?V
Loss of tissue moisture (forming package ice)
*?5KPM@*mc;wL0Discoloration食品伙伴个性空间:K M;pAz o
Frozen concentrated juices Loss of nutrients (vitamins)食品伙伴个性空间 wh$_^!pRg&lL
Loss of flavor
xd5HM0^(O8tp#N0Loss of cloudiness
CZX [mVSw.g0Discoloration