最佳实验室操作规程:职业安全卫生及环境(中英文)
Water食品伙伴个性空间WC!yuLt
Using water unnecessarily in laboratories is not only a waste, it reflects poorly on staff and is a bad example for others. Use of water in water aspirators and for cooling (water used once and run to waste) should be discontinued.
Policies and practices for immediate clean up of water spills should be implemented.食品伙伴个性空间h5] zvYW:_5Q1k
“Wet areas” should be clearly identified and avoided as a practice wherever possible. Permanent wet areas should be well bundied.
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·documented system for spills and ‘wet areas’
.z0{6QO;A*z8VD0·no water aspirators used for suction食品伙伴个性空间 aZ+nAa;j-U6E
·no cooling water run to waste食品伙伴个性空间8BR h;XhuV`Q
·general minimisation practiced
Electrical Power食品伙伴个性空间8ta
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A regime of electrical maintenance, repair and tagging in line with OH&S guidelines for safe use is an important code of practice for a Laboratory to demonstrate compliance.
!k-WiNH4V^C~0Policies and practices for safe handling of electrical equipment should be readily available to laboratory users, especially when the equipment involves the use of water.
n$us3I~bVI0Coal-generated electricity is a limited resource. Greenhouse gases are an undesirable by-product. Wasting electricity is a missed opportunity for giving a good example to others.
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·documented system for maintenance, repair ,tagging and general use食品伙伴个性空间6P!Dh0m7| g
·appliances switched off when no in use
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·sashes lowered on fume cupboards where possible
Natural and LPG gasses
3|-y cs1q6}0Policies and practices for safe working systems should be in place when gas is used in a laboratory.
{-hjIa/nCisnT0Wherever LPG containers are used, procedures should be in place for their maintenance and safe storage.
,zI)lt:h5@`#Q&@+bQ/c0Natural gas and LPG usage is used mainly for heating in buildings and in laboratories to a lesser extent. Its use should be minimised.
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·documented system for safe working systems when using gasses and for the handling and storage of LPG containers
K\+lPo5Gd5o0·minimal heat wastage and fuel consumption
Chemicals, gases, biological agents and radioactive isotopes食品伙伴个性空间]w9_Y*@1NMa[6d
System in place to inform. users of the potential hazards and dangers of substances is a necessity.食品伙伴个性空间;oAA4M(p T/L
The provision of clear and accurate labelling a of substances is necessary.食品伙伴个性空间Yv"b8d)r:TN+rPa
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Safe storage, including appropriate bunding, is necessary.食品伙伴个性空间
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MSDS’s for all hazardous substances need to be available and kept current.
F*J}.orco:@0Accurate and appropriate signage, meeting the OH&S Code of Practice should be reviewed.
5Xq*Ay/It0Compliance with the Hazardous Substances Regulation and the Dangerous Goods Act is important. This will include a chemicals/substances manifest being available. All decisions and outcomes relating to compliance matters should be documented.
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c5F+Z%H0Laboratories traditionally spend large amounts on chemicals and associated materials.
F7S-P-ib[5_w5V;l1{$o3@0Significant amounts of chemicals are never used and are eventually disposed of usually at some cost to the Laboratory and the environment. Sharing bottles of reagents and proper training to minimise the risk of contamination of reagent stock is a necessary consideration.
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·documented system for general use of hazardous / dangerous substances eg decanting, labelling, storage, spills, bunding, and purchasing.
MY4l5C{+J$N0·minimal chemicals stored食品伙伴个性空间
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·MSDS visible to all user
%WA3\]8o0·labelling meets Aust. code of Practice
5c\Q0j.K/I"z0·manifests in place and up to date
O*~%jh9c#Y2@8o0·safe packaging and storage食品伙伴个性空间0x#IR2j,Fee&|JF/T
·effective bunding食品伙伴个性空间k%G(P:B6kt#BG1M
·chemicals sourced from excess stock within the Laboratory食品伙伴个性空间 M:V@7~A9tp)P3k
·less toxic substances used where possible
Laboratory-ware
9}B;FXI0Policies and practices for consideration when purchasing and using laboratory ware need to be established, implemented, and monitored to gauge effectiveness. Safe work procedures in the assembly, and general use of apparatus is important.食品伙伴个性空间 kX)mB+t:BG
Use of disposable laboratory-ware is an expensive option and not in the best interests of the environment. Re-useable laboratory ware is generally cheaper in the long-term and generates less waste.
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·documented system for general laboratory standards of purchasing controls (quantity and type)
}%L?_0e4pek0·non-disposable laboratory ware used where possible
Waste minimisation
9LC&a/FBgE0Use of minimum quantities of materials, reuse/recycling if possible, and collection for appropriate disposal methods introduced into the laboratory environment will assist in an effective environment management system.食品伙伴个性空间8Ty5gkA#s-~` Q4O
A waste risk assessment should be undertaken. Processes which generate waste should be assessed to seek waste reduction opportunities.
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·documented waste management plan established食品伙伴个性空间[Gr)\2G3{"a
·processes to be assessed and redesigning processes to use minimisation strategies (process re-engineering)
Risk Assessment of laboratory methods食品伙伴个性空间~r.K"S^m
A risk assessment should be undertaken prior to the start of each semester to determine likely risks to health and the environment. These should be evaluated in terms of likely severity of outcome. Those that could to prove hazardous in the extreme should be managed under a system of risk control.
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·risk assessment of laboratory undertaken食品伙伴个性空间3a$yPkAX5}r
·formal prioritisation according to risk
|o7b,}n8P0·control measures identified, agreed and established
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H`r0·monitoring by period risk review
Waste disposal - general
rcNt/@)s.B0Where practicable, hazardous wastes should be collected, treated to reduce hazards if appropriate (eg. acids neutralised), and disposed of in a way that minimises environmental impacts. These practices should be documented.
:x a:lr'P/f/B0Hazardous wastes should not be tipped down the sink or allowed to evaporate.
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mQl:NW0Hazardous materials should be removed from obsolete equipment before disposal.
1j \1p-~o;Q!_rLH O0Consumables containing heavy metals (eg. fluorescent tubes and Nicad batteries) should be segregated and disposed of appropriately.
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