中华人民共和国行政诉讼法
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中华人民共和国行政诉讼法
ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF
《中华人民共和国行政诉讼法》已由中华人民共和国第七届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二次会议于
(Adopted at the Second Session of the Seventh National People's Congress on April 4, 1989, promulgated by Order No. 16 of the President of the People's Republic of China on April 4, 1989, and effective as of October 1, 1990)
第一章总则
Chapter I General Provisions
第一条为保证人民法院正确、及时审理行政案件，保护公民、法人和其他组织的合法权益，维护和监督行政机关依法行使行政职权，根据宪法制定本法。
Article 1 Pursuant to the Constitution, this Law is enacted for the purpose of ensuring the correct and prompt handling of administrative cases by the people's courts, protecting the lawful rights and interests of citizens, legal persons and other organizations, and safeguarding and supervising the exercise of administrative powers by administrative organs in accordance with the law.
第二条公民、法人或者其他组织认为行政机关和行政机关工作人员的具体行政行为侵犯其合法权益，有权依照本法向人民法院提起诉讼。
Article 2 If a citizen, a legal person or any other organization considers that his or its lawful rights and interests have been infringed upon by a specific administrative act of an administrative organ or its personnel, he or it shall have the right to bring a suit before a people's court in accordance with this Law.
第三条人民法院依法对行政案件独立行使审判权，不受行政机关、社会团体和个人的干涉。
Article 3 The people's courts shall, in accordance with the law, exercise judicial power independently with respect to administrative cases, and shall not be subject to interference by any administrative organ, public organization or individual.
人民法院设行政审判庭，审理行政案件。
The people's courts shall set up administrative divisions for the handling of administrative cases.
第四条人民法院审理行政案件，以事实为根据，以法律为准绳。
Article
第五条人民法院审理行政案件，对具体行政行为是否合法进行审查。
Article
第六条人民法院审理行政案件，依法实行合议、回避、公开审判和两审终审制度。
Article
第七条当事人在行政诉讼中的法律地位平等。
Article 7 Parties to an administrative suit shall have equal legal positions.
第八条各民族公民都有用本民族语言、文字进行行政诉讼的权利。
Article 8 Citizens of all nationalities shall have the right to use their native spoken and written languages in administrative proceedings.
在少数民族聚居或者多民族共同居住的地区，人民法院应当用当地民族通用的语言、文字进行审理和发布法律文书。
In an area where people of a minority nationality live in concentrated communities or where a number of nationalities live together, the people's courts shall conduct adjudication and issue legal documents in the language or languages commonly used by the local nationalities.
人民法院应当对不通晓当地民族通用的语言、文字的诉讼参与人提供翻译。
The people's courts shall provide interpretation for participants in proceedings who do not understand the language or languages commonly used by the local nationalities.
第九条当事人在行政诉讼中有权进行辩论。
Article 9 Parties to an administrative suit shall have the right to debate.
第十条人民检察院有权对行政诉讼实行法律监督。
Article 10 The people's procuratorates shall have the right to exercise legal supervision over administrative proceedings.
第二章受案范围
Chapter II Scope of Accepting Cases
第十一条人民法院受理公民、法人和其他组织对下列具体行政行为不服提起的诉讼：
Article 11 The people's courts shall accept suits brought by citizens, legal persons or other organizations against any of the following specific administrative acts:
（一）对拘留、罚款、吊销许可证和执照、责令停产停业、没收财物等行政处罚不服的；
(1) an administrative sanction, such as detention, fine, rescission of a license or permit, order to suspend production or business or confiscation of property, which one refuses to accept;
（二）对限制人身自由或者对财产的查封、扣押、冻结等行政强制措施不服的；
(2) a compulsory administrative measure, such as restricting freedom of the person or the sealing up, seizing or freezing of property, which one refuses to accept;
（三）认为行政机关侵犯法律规定的经营自主权的；
(3) infringement upon one's managerial decision-making powers, which is considered to have been perpetrated by an administrative organ;
（四）认为符合法定条件申请行政机关颁发许可证和执照，行政机关拒绝颁发或者不予答复的；
(4) refusal by an administrative organ to issue a permit or license, which one considers oneself legally qualified to apply for, or its failure to respond to the application;
（五）申请行政机关履行保护人身权、财产权的法定职责，行政机关拒绝履行或者不予答复的；
(5) refusal by an administrative organ to perform its statutory duty of protecting one's rights of the person and of property, as one has applied for, or its failure to respond to the application;
（六）认为行政机关没有依法发给抚恤金的；
(6) cases where an administrative organ is considered to have failed to issue a pension according to law;
（七）认为行政机关违法要求履行义务的；
(7) cases where an administrative organ is considered to have illegally demanded the performance of duties;
（八）认为行政机关侵犯其他人身权、财产权的。
and (8) cases where an administrative organ is considered to have infringed upon other rights of the person and of property.
除前款规定外，人民法院受理法律、法规规定可以提起诉讼的其他行政案件。
Apart from the provisions set forth in the preceding paragraphs, the people's courts shall accept other administrative suits which may be brought in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations.
第十二条人民法院不受理公民、法人或者其他组织对下列事项提起的诉讼：
Article 12 The people's courts shall not accept suits brought by citizens, legal persons or other organizations against any of the following matters:
（一）国防、外交等国家行为；
(1) acts of the state in areas like national defence and foreign affairs;
（二）行政法规、规章或者行政机关制定、发布的具有普遍约束力的决定、命令；
(2) administrative rules and regulations, regulations, or decisions and orders with general binding force formulated and announced by administrative organs;
（三）行政机关对行政机关工作人员的奖惩、任免等决定；
(3) decisions of an administrative organ on awards or punishments for its personnel or on the appointment or relief of duties of its personnel;
（四）法律规定由行政机关最终裁决的具体行政行为。
and (4) specific administrative acts that shall, as provided for by law, be finally decided by an administrative organ.
第三章管辖
Chapter III Jurisdiction
第十三条基层人民法院管辖第一审行政案件。
Article 13 The basic people's courts shall have jurisdiction as courts of first instance over administrative cases.
第十四条中级人民法院管辖下列第一审行政案件：
Article 14 The intermediate people's courts shall have jurisdiction as courts of first instance over the following administrative cases:
（一）确认发明专利权的案件、海关处理的案件；
(1) cases of confirming patent rights of invention and cases handled by the Customs;
（二）对国务院各部门或者省、自治区、直辖市人民政府所作的具体行政行为提起诉讼的案件；
(2) suits against specific administrative acts undertaken by departments under the State Council or by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government;
（三）本辖区内重大、复杂的案件。
and (3) grave and complicated cases in areas under their jurisdiction.
第十五条高级人民法院管辖本辖区内重大、复杂的第一审行政案件。
Article 15 The higher people's courts shall have jurisdiction as courts of first instance over grave and complicated administrative cases in areas under their jurisdiction.
第十六条最高人民法院管辖全国范围内重大、复杂的第一审行政案件。
Article 16 The Supreme People's Court shall have jurisdiction as a court of first instance over grave and complicated administrative cases in the whole country.
第十七条行政案件由最初作出具体行政行为的行政机关所在地人民法院管辖。经复议的案件，复议机关改变原具体行政行为的，也可以由复议机关所在地人民法院管辖。
Article 17 An administrative case shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court in the locality of the administrative organ that initially undertook the specific administrative act. A reconsidered case in which the organ conducting the reconsideration has amended the original specific administrative act may also be placed under the jurisdiction of the people's court in the locality of the administrative organ conducting the reconsideration.
第十八条对限制人身自由的行政强制措施不服提起的诉讼，由被告所在地或者原告所在地人民法院管辖。
Article
第十九条因不动产提起的行政诉讼，由不动产所在地人民法院管辖。
Article 19 An administrative suit regarding a real property shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court in the place where the real property is located.
第二十条两个以上人民法院都有管辖权的案件，原告可以选择其中一个人民法院提起诉讼。原告向两个以上有管辖权的人民法院提起诉讼的，由最先收到起诉状的人民法院管辖。
Article 20 When two or more people's courts have jurisdiction over a suit, the plaintiff may have the option to bring the suit in one of these people's courts. If the plaintiff brings the suit in two or more people's courts that have jurisdiction over the suit, the people's court that first receives the bill of complaint shall have jurisdiction.
第二十一条人民法院发现受理的案件不属于自己管辖时，应当移送有管辖权的人民法院。受移送的人民法院不得自行移送。
Article 21 If a people's court finds that a case it has accepted is not under its jurisdiction, it shall transfer the case to the people's court that does have jurisdiction over the case. The people's court to which the case has been transferred shall not on its own initiative transfer it to another people's court.
第二十二条有管辖权的人民法院由于特殊原因不能行使管辖权的，由上级人民法院指定管辖。
Article 22 If a people's court which has jurisdiction over a case is unable to exercise its jurisdiction for special reasons, a people's court at a higher level shall designate another court to exercise the jurisdiction.
人民法院对管辖权发生争议，由争议双方协商解决。协商不成的，报它们的共同上级人民法院指定管辖。
If a dispute arises over jurisdiction between people's courts, it shall be resolved by the parties to the dispute through consultation. If the dispute cannot be resolved through consultation, it shall be reported to a people's court superior to the courts in dispute for the designation of jurisdiction.
第二十三条上级人民法院有权审判下级人民法院管辖的第一审行政案件，也可以把自己管辖的第一审行政案件移交下级人民法院审判。
Article 23 People's courts at higher levels shall have the authority to adjudicate administrative cases over which people's courts at lower levels have jurisdiction as courts of first instance; they may also transfer administrative cases over which they themselves have jurisdiction as courts of first instance to people's courts at lower levels for trial.
下级人民法院对其管辖的第一审行政案件，认为需要由上级人民法院审判的，可以报请上级人民法院决定。
If a people's court deems it necessary for an administrative case of first instance under its jurisdiction to be adjudicated by a people's court at a higher level, it may report to such a people's court for decision.
第四章诉讼参加人
Chapter IV Participants in Proceedings
第二十四条依照本法提起诉讼的公民、法人或者其他组织是原告。
Article
有权提起诉讼的公民死亡，其近亲属可以提起诉讼。
If a citizen who has the right to bring a suit is deceased, his near relatives may bring the suit.
有权提起诉讼的法人或者其他组织终止，承受其权利的法人或者其他组织可以提起诉讼。
If a legal person or any other organization that has the right to bring a suit terminates, the legal person or any other organization that succeeds to its rights may bring the suit.
第二十五条公民、法人或者其他组织直接向人民法院提起诉讼的，作出具体行政行为的行政机关是被告。
Article 25 If a citizen, a legal person or any other organization, brings a suit directly before a people's court, the administrative organ that undertook the specific administrative act shall be the defendant.
经复议的案件，复议机关决定维持原具体行政行为的，作出原具体行政行为的行政机关是被告；复议机关改变原具体行政行为的，复议机关是被告。
For a reconsidered case, if the organ that conducted the reconsideration sustains the original specific administrative act, the administrative organ that initially undertook the act shall be the defendant; if the organ that conducted the reconsideration has amended the original specific administrative act, the administrative organ which conducted the reconsideration shall be the defendant.
两个以上行政机关作出同一具体行政行为的，共同作出具体行政行为的行政机关是共同被告。
If two or more administrative organs have undertaken the same specific administrative act, the administrative organs that have jointly undertaken the act shall be the joint defendants.
由法律、法规授权的组织所作的具体行政行为，该组织是被告。由行政机关委托的组织所作的具体行政行为，委托的行政机关是被告。
If a specific administrative act has been undertaken by an organization authorized to undertake the act by the law or regulations, the organization shall be the defendant. If a specific administrative act has been undertaken by an organization as entrusted by an administrative organ, the entrusting organ shall be the defendant.
行政机关被撤销的，继续行使其职权的行政机关是被告。
If an administrative organ has been abolished, the administrative organ that carries on the exercise of functions and powers of the abolished organ shall be the defendant.
第二十六条当事人一方或双方为二人以上，因同一具体行政行为发生的行政案件，或者因同样的具体行政行为发生的行政案件、人民法院认为可以合并审理的，为共同诉讼。
Article
第二十七条同提起诉讼的具体行政行为有利害关系的其他公民、法人或者其他组织，可以作为第三人申请参加诉讼，或者由人民法院通知参加诉讼。
Article 27 If any other citizen, legal person or any other organization has interests in a specific administrative act under litigation, he or it may, as a third party, file a request to participate in the proceedings or may participate in them when so notified by the people's court.
第二十八条没有诉讼行为能力的公民，由其法定代理人代为诉讼。法定代理人互相推诿代理责任的，由人民法院指定其中一人代为诉讼。
Article 28 Any citizen with no capacity to take part in litigation shall have one or more legal representatives who will act on his behalf in a suit. If the legal representatives try to shift their responsibilities onto each other, the people's court may appoint one of them as the representative of the principal in litigation.
第二十九条当事人、法定代理人，可以委托一至二人代为诉讼。
Article 29 Each party or legal representative may entrust one or two persons to represent him in litigation.
律师、社会团体、提起诉讼的公民的近亲属或者所在单位推荐的人，以及经人民法院许可的其他公民，可以受委托为诉讼代理人。
A lawyer, a public organization, a near relative of the citizen bringing the suit, or a person recommended by the unit to which the citizen bringing the suit belongs or any other citizen approved by the people's court may be entrusted as an agent ad litem.
第三十条代理诉讼的律师，可以依照规定查阅本案有关材料，可以向有关组织和公民调查，收集证据。对涉及国家秘密和个人隐私的材料，应当依照法律规定保密。
Article
经人民法院许可，当事人和其他诉讼代理人可以查阅本案庭审材料，但涉及国家秘密和个人隐私的除外。
With the approval of the people's court, parties and other agents ad litem may consult the materials relating to the court proceedings of the case, except those that involve state secrets or the private affairs of individuals.
第五章证据
Chapter V Evidence
第三十一条证据有以下几种：
Article 31 Evidence shall be classified as follows:
（一）书证；
(1) documentary evidence;
（二）物证；
(2) material evidence;
（三）视听资料；
(3) audio-visual material;
（四）证人证言；
(4) testimony of witnesses;
（五）当事人的陈述；
(5) statements of the parties;
（六）鉴定结论；
(6) expert conclusions;
（七）勘验笔录、现场笔录。
and (7) records of inquests and records made on the scene.
以上证据经法庭审查属实，才能作为定案的根据。
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